With blood pressure (blood pressure) or hypertension, as a rule, pensioners suffer, although recently the disease is increasingly appeared in young people.At the same time, people often do not suspect a serious problem, much radiant headache on a lower sleep or bad weather.The absence of high pressure treatment can lead to the development of a stroke, a heart attack.Therefore, for rapid detection of the disease, it is necessary to study in detail the main causes of hypertension.
What is hypertension
High blood pressure (hypertension), hypertension or hypertension is a serious chronic disease, which is characterized by a persistent increase in blood pressure (while the systolic higher pressure indicators are greater than 140 mm Hg, and lower diastolic pressure above 90 mm Hg).Hypertension is the most common disease in the cardiovascular system.An increase in blood pressure in the vessels occurs due to the narrowing of the arteries and their small branches - arterioles.
The value of blood pressure depends on the peripheral resistance, the elasticity of the vessels.With the irritation of the hypothalamus receptors, in larger quantities, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone hormones which cause spasms of microsuds and arteries, the thickening of their walls, an increase in blood viscosity begins to be produced.This leads to the appearance of high blood pressure, which ultimately becomes irreversible, stable.There are two forms of high pressure:
- Essential (primary).These are 95% of hypertension cases.The reason for the appearance of this form is all of different factors (inheritance, bad ecology, excess weight).
- Secondary.Represents 5% of hypertension cases.High blood pressure in this form is caused by body disorders (kidney, liver, heart disease).
The initial stage of the disease or its hidden course can be suspected if a person is noted:
- Deterioration of memory;
- headache;
- Unwanted sensation of anxiety;
- freshness;
- Hyperhidrosis (increased perspiration);
- Small spots in front of the eyes;
- Fingers numbness;
- Hyperemia (redness) of the skin of the front area;
- heart rate of the heart;
- irritability;
- low performance;
- Swelling of the face in the morning.
The causes of hypertension
With the normal functioning of the body, the heart causes blood through all vessels, providing nutrients and oxygen to cells.If the arteries lose their elasticity or their hoof, the heart begins to work stronger, the tone of the blood vessels increases and their diameter shrinks, which leads to high pressure.The appearance of hypertension is due to disorders of the autonomic and central nervous system, which are closely linked to emotions.Therefore, when a person is nervous, he often starts to increase the pressure.
After 60 years, the development of high blood pressure is associated with the appearance of atherosclerosis (chronic arteries) when cholesterol plates ride the normal blood flow.In this case, the higher pressure in the patient can increase to 170 mm Hg. Art., And the bottom remains less than 90 mm Hg. Art.In addition, many doctors identify the general causes of high blood pressure:
- violation of the blood circulation of all vital organs;
- Psycho -emotional on -cas;
- Spasking the muscles of the cervical vertebrae;
- genetic pathology;
- reduction of elasticity, thickening of blood vessels;
- Hypokinesia (sedentary lifestyle);
- hormonal changes;
- Internal organ diseases (liver, kidneys).
- Excessive salt consumption;
- Bad habits.
In men
The appearance of hypertension, as a rule, is subject to men aged 35 to 50.High blood pressure is diagnosed in patients already with a stable form of the disease.This is due to the fact that men ignore the first signs of the disease.Often, the causes of high blood pressure in the strong half of humanity are caused by their work.The disease affects people whose activities are associated with strong physical and mental stress.Responsible workers suffer from the disease, for whom any error is always a strong stress.Other causes of hypertension in men:
- Smoking, alcohol abuse;
- sedentary lifestyle;
- Non-compliance with nutritional rules (fast food, candy);
- Kidney diseases (glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, urolithiasis);
- Take drugs (colds, colds, sleeping pills or hormonal drugs);
- neglect of physical activity;
- Problems with blood vessels (atherosclerosis);
- Trauma of the central nervous system (central nervous system).
In women
The symptoms of manifestations of high blood pressure in women and men are not particularly different (shortness of breath, headache, ears in ears, dizziness), but the lower sex is much more likely to meet such a disease.The causes of hypertension in women can differ from similar men, which is due to hormones.There are even such forms of disease that are not at all characteristic of the strong sex - it is hypertension with menopause and during pregnancy.
As a rule, in women, hypertension is diagnosed during menopause (after 45 to 50 years).The body at that time undergoes significant changes: the number of estrogens produced begins to contract.In addition, the causes of hypertension in women can be as follows:
- receipt of contraceptives;
- stress, overload;
- insufficient quantity of potassium in the body;
- Hypodynamia (sedentary lifestyle);
- excess body weight;
- bad nutrition;
- childbirth;
- bad habits (alcoholism, smoking);
- diabetes mellitus;
- cholesterol metabolism;
- Kidney pathology, adrenal glands;
- vascular diseases;
- Obstructive apnea syndrome (respiratory judgment).
At a young age
Hypertonic disease is rarely observed in people under the age of 25.Often, an increase in blood pressure at a young age is associated with neurocirculatory dystonia (a complex of cardiovascular system disorders), when only the higher pressure indicators change.The cause of these violations in children can be a great charge during school lessons.In almost all cases, hypertension in children is a consequence of the pathology of the endocrine system, that is to say that children's hypertension is generally secondary.The development of high blood pressure at a young age can have other causes:
- hereditary factor;
- over-even, the use of a large amount of salt;
- weather conditions;
- Vertebral column diseases.
- electromagnetic, sound radiation;
- Nervous over;
- renal pathologies;
- supply of drugs affecting the state of blood pressure;
- overweight;
- Lack of potassium in the body.
- Non-compliance with the sleep regime.
The reasons for the development of hypertension
The occurrence of hypertension in 90% of patients is associated with cardiovascular problems (atherosclerosis, endolori heart, etc.).The remaining 10% concern symptomatic hypertension, that is to say that high blood pressure is the sign of another disease (renal inflammation, adrenal tumors, narrowing of the renal arteries), hormonal insufficiency, diabetes, traumatic brain lesion and stress.The risk factors for developing hypertension are classified according to two indicators:
- Not mounted.The reasons why a person cannot affect.This includes:
- Heredity.High blood pressure is considered a disease transmitted by genes.Therefore, if the family had patients with hypertension, the disease may appear in the next generation.
- Physiological factor.Average men are more sensitive to diseases than the fairer sex.This is explained by the fact that at the age of 20 to 50 years, the body of a woman produces more sex hormones that perform a protection function.
- Amended.Factors that depend on a person, their lifestyle and their decisions:
- sedentary lifestyle;
- Excess weight;
- Stress;
- bad habits;
- insomnia;
- The use of a large amount of caffeine, salt, cholesterol;
- take medication;
- Halterophilia;
- Weather fluctuations.
Heredity
One of the factors for predisposition to high blood pressure is heredity.It can be anatomical characteristics which are transmitted with genes.They are expressed in the difficulty of the blood flow, which affects the increase in blood pressure.The presence of hypertension among parents of the first link (mother, father, grandparents, brothers or native sisters) means a high probability of developing the disease.The risk of the occurrence of the disease increases if high blood pressure was observed both in several parents.
As a rule, hypertension itself is genetically inherited, but only a predisposition to him, this is due to neuropsychic reactions and metabolic characteristics (carbohydrates, fats).Often, the implementation of a tendency to the pathology of successions is due to external influences: nutrition, living conditions, unfavorable climatic factors.
Diseases
Cardiovascular diseases (heart disease, ischemia) can cause high blood pressure.With these ailments, the aorta gaps are partially narrowed - this means that the pressure increases.Vascular defects in nodular arthritis also contribute to the growth of blood pressure.Diabetes mellitus is another cause of high blood pressure.The presence of atherosclerotic plates shrinks the light of blood vessels, which is an obstacle to normal blood circulation.The heart begins to operate in improved mode, creating increased pressure.Diseases that can cause hypertension:
- kidney inflammation;
- pathologies of the lymphatic system and liver;
- cervical osteochondosis;
- violation of the pancreas and the thyroid gland;
- arteries sclerosis;
- vegetative-vascular dystonia;
- adrenal tumor;
- brain trauma;
- Recovery of renal arteries.
Hormonal changes
The violations of the endocrine organs (thyroid gland, hypothalamus, pancreas, adrenal glands) are frequent causes of high pressure.These pathological processes slow down the production of sex hormones and their effect on the brain of the lower appendix, especially for women during menopause.The serious causes of increased blood pressure, contributing to the excessive synthesis of hormones, are the following diseases:
- Kushing syndrome;
- thyrotoxicosis (hyperthyroidism) - an increase in the functions of the thyroid gland;
- neoplasms on the adrenal glands;
- acromegaly (altered function of the anterior pituitary gland);
- Feochromocytoma (hormonal active tumor);
- Kon syndrome.
Age
Hypertension, as a rule, is more often observed in the elderly.This is due to the fact that over time, the arteries lose their elasticity, which has a great influence on pressure.In addition, in people after 40 years, metabolic processes slow down, in the context of the consumption of a large amount of food aloud and an incorrect attitude towards food, obesity develops, then hypertension.
Today, such a cause of illness, like age, has undergone changes.The disease is significantly young, around 10% of adolescents are subject to a pathology and, as they grow, the percentage increases.Each third resident after 40 years suffers from high pressure.Indeed, in addition to the natural decline of the resistance of the body, the influence of heredity, the lifestyle changes with age.
Life
Another cause of high blood pressure is the lack of physical activity.Sports have a beneficial effect on blood circulation and the body as a whole, but few people decide to start leading an active lifestyle in order to protect themselves from the development of hypertension.The absence of physical exercises causes obesity and overweight and, therefore, an increase in blood pressure.
Hypokinesis is a common disease of our time, when a person moves little, which leads to a violation of the work of the blood vessels.Unhealthy nutrition, bad habits, inappropriate lifestyle cause high blood pressure, because the weakening of muscle tissue and spine reduces the tone of the blood vessels necessary for good blood circulation.Computer work also increases the risk of illness.
Nutrition
The following factor contributing to the appearance of high blood pressure is poor nutrition.Salt food, sweet, fried, high, smoked and fatty often cause an unexpected increase in pressure.Indeed, to eliminate excess sodium from the body, the kidneys require some time.Until the moment, this does not happen, excess salt maintains the water, which causes swelling in people with hypertension.
The absence of potassium can increase blood pressure.This element helps to relax the blood vessels and the body - free of sodium.There is a lot of potassium in tomatoes, dairy products, cocoa, potatoes, legumes, parsley, prunes, melons, bananas, green vegetables, sunflower seeds.These products must be included in the daily diet.It is necessary to refuse fats, fatty meat and smoked meats, because they cause excess weight and often accompany high pressure.In addition, these food products are harmful to the body:
- butter;
- canned food;
- waste;
- Soft fat, cream;
- net seasonings;
- flour products;
- toned drinks with caffeine;
- Sweet soda drinks.
Bad habits
A high dose of alcohol and the hangover caused by this hangover negatively affect the state of health.Regular and excessive alcohol consumption can improve heart rate, significantly increase blood pressure, cause a heart attack.Smoking does not affect the pressure either.Nicotine contributes to the increase in pulse, rapid wear of the heart, which leads to the development of a coronary disease and atherosclerosis.
Tobacco and alcohol have a negative effect on the entire body.When you smoke and drink alcohol, expansion occurs first, then a strong reduction in blood vessels, following which their spasm is created and blood circulation worsens.Hence the increase in blood pressure.In addition, chemicals that are part of cigarettes are capable of raping the elasticity of the walls of blood vessels, form plates that obstruct the arteries.
Excess weight
A frequent cause of hypertension is obesity and excess body weight.Excess weight occurs due to a sedentary lifestyle, metabolic disorders, abundant meals with a high fat content, carbohydrates, salt.Open people are always at risk, as their high blood pressure increases with the load on the vessels and the heart.
In addition, obesity increases blood cholesterol, which can cause the appearance of diabetes.Patients more than a weight of 3 times more often suffer from hypertension than people with normal body weight.A person with obesity is more sensitive to atherosclerosis, which is an additional factor in the appearance of high blood pressure.Weight loss, even 5 kg, will considerably reduce blood pressure and improve blood sugar.
Ecology
Many people painfully react to bad weather, that is to say that they depend on time.Even an entirely healthy person who is rarely in fresh air and leads a sedentary lifestyle can be sensitive to the modification of the weather.As a rule, meteocrisy in people with hypertension appears in unusual climatic and landscape conditions, so before traveling, prepare a road kit.
The poor ecology of the city also seriously increases blood pressure, harming the cardiovascular system and development of hypertension.Even the short effect of harmful substances that a person inhales every day can cause the development of hypertension.Three common pollutants in all modern cities - nitrogen dioxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide - negatively affect blood pressure and vascular function.
Stress
Nervous emotional tension (stress, nervous degradation, excessive emotivity) is the most common cause of hypertension exacerbation.For human health, all unexpressed and depressed negative emotions are dangerous.A long stress experience is a constant stress that exhausts blood vessels and the heart faster than it would happen in a calm atmosphere.A consequence of nervous degradation is often an increase in pressure and hypertensive crisis.Stress in combination with alcohol and smoking is particularly harmful, because such a combination greatly increases blood pressure.
As a rule, in a person with hypertension, pressure increases and persists longer, even with slight emotional stress.Little by little, with repetitions of blood pressure, which can last several months, the device responsible for regulating blood pressure is used at load and blood pressure is slowly fixed at a certain level.